# GB Electricity Bills (electricitybills.uk)

> Independent analysis of what a Great Britain household electricity bill is actually made of:
> how much goes to wholesale power, network charges, renewable subsidies, policy levies, VAT and
> supplier margin — plus daily wholesale power and gas price tracking, Ofgem price cap
> methodology, and a component-by-component bill forecast to 2030.

Researched, built and maintained by Ben James (<https://benjames.io>), an independent energy
analyst. The site, the underlying data compilation and the forecasts are his own work.

Cite as: Ben James, *GB Electricity Bills*, https://www.electricitybills.uk.
Contact and other writing: <https://benjames.io>.

## Reading this site without JavaScript

The interactive site is a client-rendered React application, so the HTML at the URLs below is an
empty shell. Every dataset is also published as a plain HTML table and a CSV that require no
JavaScript — use these:

- [All datasets](https://www.electricitybills.uk/data/): index of the JavaScript-free tables and CSV downloads.
- [Bill breakdown table](https://www.electricitybills.uk/data/bill-breakdown.html): annual cost of every bill component,
  financial years FY 15-16 to 26 FYTD, £/year for a benchmark
  3100 kWh household, nominal terms. [CSV](https://www.electricitybills.uk/data/bill-breakdown.csv)
- [Wholesale price table](https://www.electricitybills.uk/data/wholesale-prices.html): daily GB day-ahead electricity
  prices (LCCC IMRP, Elexon APX) and gas prices (ONS SAP, EEX, Smart Energy) in £/MWh, nominal
  and CPI-adjusted, updated each weekday.
  [CSV](https://www.electricitybills.uk/data/wholesale-prices.csv)
- [2030 forecast table](https://www.electricitybills.uk/data/2030-forecast.html): 2025 versus 2030 bill by component in
  real 2025 prices. [CSV](https://www.electricitybills.uk/data/2030-forecast.csv)

## Key figures

Last complete financial year, FY 25-26, benchmark 3100 kWh household,
nominal £/year:

- Total annual electricity bill: £952.86
  (all-in unit rate 30.74 p/kWh)
- Wholesale: £319.60
- Supplier Costs & Margin: £135.35
- Distribution Costs: £114.00
- Renewables Obligation (RO): £102.49
- Transmission Costs: £51.66
- VAT: £45.37
- 2030 forecast total: £1049 (real 2025 prices), from
  £966 in 2025

The tables also carry a "26 FYTD" column. That is the financial year to date: it covers
only part of the year and omits components that settle annually, so it is not an annual total
and should not be quoted as one.

## Interactive pages

- [Bill breakdown](https://www.electricitybills.uk/): the headline chart — a household bill split by component, by
  financial year, with an explanation of each component.
- [Wholesale monitor](https://www.electricitybills.uk/wholesale): daily and half-hourly GB wholesale electricity prices,
  gas prices, intraday price shape, and the gas–electricity linkage.
- [2030 forecast](https://www.electricitybills.uk/2030): where each component of the bill is heading by 2030, with
  adjustable scenarios.
- [How the energy price cap works](https://www.electricitybills.uk/price-cap): Ofgem's wholesale allowance methodology —
  observation windows, the 3-1.5-12 hedging approach, baseload/peak shaping and backwardation.
- [AR7 cheat sheet](https://www.electricitybills.uk/ar7-cheat-sheet): how Contracts for Difference work and what
  Allocation Round 7 means for bills.

## Definitions used throughout

- **Benchmark household**: 3100 kWh/year. Close to the consumption-weighted average of
  Ofgem's Typical Domestic Consumption Values (2,700 kWh profile class 1, 3,900 kWh class 2) and
  directly comparable with Ofgem price caps.
- **Nominal vs real**: bill breakdown figures are nominal (cash terms). The 2030 forecast and the
  "real" wholesale series are inflation-adjusted using ONS CPI.
- **FY**: GB financial year, 1 April to 31 March. "FYTD" is the financial year to date.
- **BSUoS / DUoS / TNUoS**: balancing, distribution and transmission network charges.
- **CfD / RO / FiT / CM**: Contracts for Difference, Renewables Obligation, Feed-in Tariff and
  Capacity Market — the generation subsidy and capacity schemes levied on bills.

## Terms

Data and charts are free to quote, reuse and build on with attribution to Ben James
(<https://benjames.io>). All crawlers, including AI and LLM crawlers, are permitted — see
[robots.txt](https://www.electricitybills.uk/robots.txt).